Energy & Petroleum Products
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil includes high-sulphur and low-sulphur residual products used in marine bunkering, power generation and industrial applications.
MARKET REFERENCES
How the market commonly references price
There is rarely one universal price for a physical commodity. Commercial value depends on the benchmark, specification, origin, destination, timing and logistics agreed between buyer and seller.
- Mean of Platts Singapore (MOPS) HSFO / fuel-oil references
- Singapore 180cst / 380cst assessments
- 0.5% sulphur marine fuel references
TYPICAL COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE
How physical pricing is often built
Typical Asia formula: relevant Singapore fuel-oil benchmark ± negotiated premium/discount. Delivered prices are commonly derived from the FOB value plus freight, insurance and destination costs.
PRICE DRIVERS
What moves the physical differential?
- Sulphur and viscosity
- Density and compatibility
- Bunker / utility demand
- Refinery residue supply
- Freight and storage economics
PHYSICAL TRADE
Commercial considerations
Cargoes may be priced FOB Singapore or other regional hubs, or CFR/CIF destination. Bunker transactions may use delivered-on-board pricing.
The examples on this page describe common market conventions at a high level. Actual contracts can use different pricing periods, assessments, quality adjustments, Incoterms and negotiated differentials.
Market methodology reference: view source / methodology
PHYSICAL COMMODITY BROKERAGE
Discuss a Fuel Oil requirement.
Share the specification, quantity, origin or destination, delivery basis and timing.